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  5. 高度醣化終產物造成細胞粒線體功能缺損及引起細胞自噬作用導致胰臟β細胞胰島素分泌能力降低
 
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高度醣化終產物造成細胞粒線體功能缺損及引起細胞自噬作用導致胰臟β細胞胰島素分泌能力降低

Other Title
Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy Cause Decreased Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-cells
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2016-12-29
Author(s)
羅梅真
Advisor
李文森
李宏謨
Subjects
系所名稱:醫學科學研究所
Description
學位別:博士
語文別:英文
指導教授:李文森
共同指導教授:李宏謨
口試委員:林琬琬;張壯榮;陳作孝
中文關鍵字:高度醣化終產物;硫辛酸;細胞自噬作用;粒線體分裂的蛋白質;粒線體融合的蛋白質;微管相關蛋白輕鏈3-II;粒線體自噬作用
英文關鍵字:Advanced glycation end products (AGEs);α-lipoic acid;autophagy;Drp1;Mfn1;Mfn2;OPA1;Atg5;Beclin1;LC3-II;mitophagy
Abstract
高度醣化終產物(advanced glycation end products;簡稱AGEs)會造成糖尿病患胰臟β細胞受損。在高血糖的環境下,葡萄糖與蛋白質上的氨基酸、脂質和核酸經過非酵素參與之醣化作用 (non-enzymatic glycosylation) 及氧化作用形成AGEs;主要以羧甲基離氨基酸(Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine ,CML)的形式存在於生物體內。以CML處理胰島素瘤RIM-m5f 細胞株發現胰島素的分泌量下降。若以ALA/CML-BSA (Alpha-lipoic acid /CML-BSA ) 處理β細胞,可以增加細胞分泌胰島素的能力。CML也會引發細胞的粒線體膜電位下降、Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)產生減少、Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)及 Malondialdehyde (MDA)的產量增加以及粒線體DNA發生刪減的現象。同時會使粒線體分裂的蛋白質Dynamin-Related protein 1 (Drp1)增加,粒線體融合的蛋白質mitofusin 1(Mfn1)、mitofusin 2(Mfn2)、Optic atrophy 1 - long/short (OPA1-L/S)蛋白質減少。轉染粒線體enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP),發現隨著CML濃度的增加,粒線體發生分裂的點狀螢光上升。CML處理後細胞存活率明顯下降,加入抗氧化劑-硫辛酸 (α-lipoic acid, ALA)或自噬作用抑制劑3-Methyladenine (3-MA)能夠抑制細胞的死亡。硫辛酸也可以改善粒線體的膜電位。CML會增加細胞自噬作用的蛋白質表現,例如Autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) 、Beclin1、Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II)。在細胞轉染GFP LC3後,自噬體螢光增加,酸性囊泡細胞器Acidic vesicular organelles(AVOs)的含量也增加。動物實驗發現糖尿病老鼠(db/db基因轉殖鼠)的胰臟細胞自噬作用及粒線體分裂與融合的蛋白質的表現跟CML處理RIM-m5f 細胞株的實驗結果相同。餵養db/db 老鼠ALA之後,會使這些影響降低並且增加胰臟的重量、胰島素敏感度以及輕微的降低糖化血色素(HbA1c;Hemoglobin A1c)及血糖值。綜合以上的實驗結果,我們認為AGEs 可能造成胰臟細胞粒線體片斷化及過度的自噬作用使得胰臟衰竭造成糖尿病。相反的, ALA 能夠改善引發糖尿病的分子機制,將來有可能成為有效的抗高血糖藥物的佐劑。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/57918

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