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  5. 微生物轉換D環修飾之異甜菊醇及生物活性評估
 
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微生物轉換D環修飾之異甜菊醇及生物活性評估

Other Title
Microbial transformation of D-ring modified isosteviol and biological evaluation
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2009-12-30
Author(s)
周柏宏
Advisor
林淑娟
Subjects
系所名稱:藥學系(博士班)
Description
學位別:博士
語文別:中文
指導教授:林淑娟
共同指導教授:
口試委員:黃文鑫;陳國棟;何意;張淑芬
中文關鍵字:異甜菊醇;二萜類化合物;微生物轉換
Abstract
微生物轉換為利用微生物細胞中的酵素系統進行一連串生物催化反應,將化合物進行構造修飾。值得注意的是,利用此項技術可於各種不同受質中較難以反應之位置進行立體、部位專一性反應。許多研究指出,利用微生物酵素之立體選擇特性於有機合成化合物或天然化合物進行構造修飾,不但可能增加其本身之生理活性,同時也可能產生新的藥理作用。Isosteviol (2)屬於四環二萜類化合物,具有ent-beyerane架構,並於D環上有酮基,其基本骨架與固醇類類似,具有許多生物活性。根據文獻報告指出,固醇類化合物的許多重要藥理活性取決於其構造上D環之變化,而以化學觀點來看,具有bridged ring骨架之isosteviol (2)很適合做為微生物轉換研究之受質,因此,本論文以isosteviol (2)為原料,於構造上進行修飾,以期開發具新的藥理活性之化合物。利用isosterism原理,先將isosteviol (2) D環上的酮基進行化學構造修飾,得到lactone (3)、oxime (4)及lactam (5)之衍生物,再利用微生物轉換技術進行構造修飾3、4及5,得到各種不同的化合物,以進行藥理活性之研究。經由菌種篩選isosteviol衍生物3、4及5發現,Cunninghamella bainieri ATCC 9244、Aspergillus niger BCRC 32720、Absidia
pseudocylindrospora ATCC 24169及Mucor recurvatus MR 36可產生許多代謝產物且具再現性,因而進行大量發酵培養,並經由各種萃取及純化等步驟得到代謝產物。
研究發現,受質 isosteviol lactone (4-carboxy-13??-hydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-
lactone) (3)經由與C. bainieri反應得到代謝物4-carboxy-15??-hydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone (6)、4-carboxy-7??,13-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (7)、4-carboxy-7,15??-dihydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone (8)及15,16-dioxo-16-methoxy-15,16-seco-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid (9),此生化反應包含異構化反應、羥化反應,以及在環裂解後進一步進行氧化反應與選擇性甲基化反應;另一方面,經由與Asp. niger反應得到羥基取代之代謝物,分別為 6、7、4-carboxy-1,13-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-
oic acid 13,16-lactone (10)、4-carboxy-1,15-dihydroxy-
15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone (11)、4??-carboxy-1??,7??,13??-trihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (12)、4??-carboxy-1??,7??,15??-trihydroxy-15,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 15,16-lactone (13)、4??-carboxy-1??,13??-dihydroxy-7-oxo-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-
16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (14),以及4??-carboxy-1??,7??,11??,13??-tetrahydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19- norbeyeran-
16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (15);經由與Abs.
pseudocylindrospora反應,得到代謝物 7、4??-carboxy-12??,13??-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (16)、4??-carboxy-12??,13??-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (17)、4??-carboxy-7??,13??-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-
16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (18)、4??-carboxy-13??,17-dihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-
norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (19)、4??-carboxy-7??,13??,17-trihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-
16-oic acid 13,16-lactone (20)及4??-carboxy-9??,13??,17-trihydroxy-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-
lactone (21);經由與M. recurvatus反應,得到代謝物2、6、7及ent-7??-hydroxy-16-ketobeyeran-19-oic acid (22),其中6?{21為新化合物。所得之新化合物皆利用各種構造鑑定技術來確認,新化合物 6、7、9、16與18則進一步透過X-ray結晶繞射分析確認結構。由於四環二萜類化合物的結構類似類固醇化合物,因此此系列化合物於藥理活性試驗進行ARE (androgen response element)-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay以及抑制脂多醣刺激類老鼠巨噬細胞株RAW 264.7產生之AP-1的基因表現 [LPS-stimulated AP (activator protein)-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages]作用評估,由結果顯示,6、9及13經ARE-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay篩選均呈有意義結果,其中9的活性比對照化合物testosterone 佳;而3、6、7、11、16、18、19與22對於抑制AP-1基因表現均呈現有意義結果,尤其6的抑制活性比對照化合物dexamethasone佳。
受質isosteviol oxime (ent-16-E-hydroxyiminobeyeran-19-oic acid) (4)分別與Asp. niger 及Abs. pseudocylindrospora進行微生物轉換,除了得到D環具有lactone或lactam架構之化合物3與4??-carboxy-13??-amino-13,16-seco-ent-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactam (5),及一個已知化合物ent-1,7-dihydroxy-
16-oxobeyeran-19-oic acid (23),另外也得到五個新化合物ent-7??-hydroxy-16-E-hydroxyl-iminobeyeran-19-oic acid (24)、
ent-1??,7??-dihydroxy-16-E-hydroxyimino-beyeran-19-oic acid (25)、ent-1??-hydroxy-16-E-hydroxyiminobeyeran-
19-oic acid (26)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-13-methyl-12-podocarpen-19-oic acid (27)及 ent-8??-cyanomethyl-
13-methyl-13-podocarpen-19-oic acid (28),所得之新化合物均經由高解析ESI質譜以及一維、二維核磁共振光譜等鑑定其結構,化合物24–26則進一步透過X-ray結晶繞射分析確認結構。在藥理活性部分,此系列化合物則針對抑制脂多醣刺激類老鼠巨噬細胞株RAW 264.7產生之NF-?羠及AP-1的基因表現 (LPS-stimulated NF-?羠 及AP-1 expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages)作用進行評估,結果發現5及26於抑制NF-?羠基因表現呈現有意義結果,且26之抑制活性與對照化合物dexamethasone相同;此外,3、23、24、27與28於抑制AP-1基因表現呈現有意義結果,尤其是27對於AP-1的抑制活性比dexamethasone佳。
同樣的,受質isosteviol lactam (5)也分別與Asp. niger 及Abs. pseudocylindrospora進行微生物轉換,共得到十一個化合物,27、28、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-7??-hydroxy-13-
methyl-13-podocarpen-19-oic acid (29)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-1??-hydroxy-13-methyl-13-
podocarpen-19-oic acid (30)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-12??-chloro-13(17)-podocarpen-19-oic acid (31)、4??-carboxy-13??-amino-13,16-seco-ent-15??-chloro-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactam (32)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-12??-ethoxy-13-methyl-12-podocarpen-19-oic acid (33)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-12??-methoxy-13-methyl-13-podocarpen-19-oic acid (34)、ent-8??-cyanomethyl-13-methyl-12-podocarpen-19-hydroxyethyl ester (35)、4??-carboxy-13??-
amino-13,16-seco-ent-7??-hydroxy-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-lactam (36)及4??-carboxy-13??-amino-13,16-seco-ent-12??-hydroxy-19-norbeyeran-16-oic acid 13,16-
lactam (37),此生物反應包括: 羥化反應、氯化反應,以及經D環裂解後再進行立體選擇性羥化反應、酯化反應和氯化反應。所得之新化合物均經由高解析ESI質譜以及一維、二維核磁共振光譜等鑑定其結構,其中35則進一步透過X-ray結晶繞射分析確認結構。在生物活性測試方面,此系列化合物則針對抑制脂多醣刺激類老鼠巨噬細胞株RAW 264.7產生之iNOS的基因表現 (LPS-stimulated iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages)作用進行評估,結果發現化合物29?{31、33?{34,以及37於抑制iNOS基
因表現呈現有意義結果,且34與37之活性比對照化合物dexamethasone佳。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/13321

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