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  3. .博碩士學位論文
  4. 111學年度
  5. 我國與歐盟、美國實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)法規監管制度之比較
 
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我國與歐盟、美國實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)法規監管制度之比較

Other Title
Comparing the Regulatory Framework of Laboratory Developed Tests in European Union, the United States and Taiwan
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2023-07-11
Author(s)
劉心妍
Advisor
梁志鳴
Subjects
系所名稱:醫療暨生物科技法律研究所碩士班
Description
學位別:碩士
語文別:中文
口試委員:陳鋕雄 CHEN, CHIH-HSIUNG;李崇僖 LEE, CHUNG-HSI;梁志鳴 LIANG, CHIH-MING
授權範圍:網際網路,開放日期為2023-07-23
Abstract
精準醫療(Precision Medicine)乃全球醫療發展之趨勢,係透過基因資訊及分子生物等相關技術制定個體化之醫療計畫與方針,其目的在於提升用藥效能與安全性、疾病診斷及疾病預防,望能醫療品質與減少國家社會之醫療經濟負擔。近來年,次世代定序(Next-generation Sequencing, NGS)技術的應用,使得精準醫療蓬勃發展,目前精準醫療分子檢測技術多以實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)之形式進行,現今精準醫療應用橫跨「人」之生命週期,從出生至年老的醫療保健服務均與實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)有著不可分割的關係。
如此創新之醫學技術應用與檢測項目於使用者權益間將如何取得平衡,一直是各國研擬及制定相關法規範的重要課題與目標。本文透過統整、分析歐盟、美國與台灣精準醫療、醫療器材(Medical Device)、體外診斷醫療器材(In Vitro Diagnostic, IVD)、實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)之發展沿革與現況並對比各國監管架構與模式。經本研究發現,歐盟近年來雖研擬相關之法規範,然法案中並未明確定義實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs),仍保留模糊之解釋空間,僅以相關概念之文字敘述。美國則陷入 FDA 之管轄權爭議,FDA 認為其對於實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)有管轄權,然綜觀各法案之關係, FDA 對實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)是否有實質管轄權仍有爭議,近年來,美國國會與 FDA 不斷研擬相關草案,截至目前,仍未通過任何相關草案。台灣則是將特定項目之 LDTs 納入特管辦法,並以實驗室品質管理系統與檢測項目確效、實驗室人員資格、檢測之結果等面向進行監管。
本論文透過各章節之統整、分析各國相關法規範之歷史脈絡與立法制度之沿革,針對歐盟、美國與台灣實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)之法規管理現況與問題點提出分析與比較,針對實驗室品質管理系統、LDTs 分級制度、上市前後之審查機制、不良事件通報系統、檢測結果之臨床應用評估分析等面向進行深度剖析與比較,並提出看法與建議,以使用者安全為目標,望能使我國實驗室自行開發檢測項目(Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs)之法規監管政策能更為完善。
URI
https://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/nxf96s
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/10053

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