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  5. 探討代謝重整與腫瘤免疫在肥胖相關乳癌發展之作用和潛在機制
 
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探討代謝重整與腫瘤免疫在肥胖相關乳癌發展之作用和潛在機制

Other Title
Investigating the involvement and underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immunomodulation in obesity-associated breast tumorigenesis
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2024-01-11
Author(s)
戴嘉孜
Advisor
林政緯
Subjects
系所名稱:醫學科學研究所博士班
Publisher
醫學科學研究所博士班
Description
學位別:博士
關鍵字:肥胖; 乳癌; 代謝重整; 腫瘤免疫
論文公開日期:2024-01-16
Abstract
肥胖是一種常見的慢性疾病,根據世界衛生組織統計,近40年來全球肥胖成年人口成長將近三倍。肥胖已知是許多癌症的危險因子,其中包含了最常見的女性癌症─乳癌。肥胖所誘導之賀爾蒙分泌異常被認為是肥胖促進乳癌進展的主要原因,然而,肥胖被證實與缺乏賀爾蒙受體之三陰性乳癌的不良預後有關。因此,我們假設肥胖會通過獨立於賀爾蒙所調控之機制來促進三陰性乳癌進展並探討其潛在機制。本篇研究證實yes-associated protein (YAP)藉由誘導癌細胞之代謝重整和免疫抑制之腫瘤微環境以促進肥胖相關三陰性乳癌進展。我們首先建立了飲食誘導肥胖(diet-induced obesity, DIO)之小鼠模型,已確認肥胖促進三陰性乳癌之生長和轉移,並發現從肥胖小鼠中分離之三陰性乳癌細胞具有更高的惡性程度。代謝體與能量海馬儀分析顯示肥胖誘導腫瘤細胞依賴脂肪酸氧化和氧化磷酸化來產生能量,而抑制脂肪酸氧化和氧化磷酸化有效降低肥胖相關癌細胞之惡性程度。轉錄組分析揭示YAP訊息傳遞路徑在肥胖相關三陰性乳癌細胞中高度上調,證實肥胖通過增加脂肪酸氧化和氧化磷酸化的活性來活化YAP,並且顯著參與肥胖相關三陰性乳癌之進展。機制上,肥胖相關乳癌細胞會通過攝取脂肪酸進行脂肪酸氧化和氧化磷酸化來產生能量以抑制AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)來活化YAP。接著,我們交集肥胖上調基因和YAP目標基因,發現肥胖通過活化YAP來增加glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC)、glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR)、peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1)和 methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA)等抗氧化酶之基因表現以提升癌細胞的抗氧化能力,藉此減輕粒線體代謝所產生的氧化壓力以維持粒線體功能,肥胖也會通過活化YAP提升抗氧化能力以避免細胞發生脂質過氧化(lipid peroxidation)而導致細胞死亡。除此之外,我們也利用免疫分析發現肥胖會通過活化YAP來誘導免疫抑制之腫瘤微環境,並增加癌細胞中interleukin 33 (IL33)之表現。臨床資料庫顯示IL33與調節T細胞(regulatory T cell, Treg)與腫瘤相關巨噬細胞(tumor-associated macrophage, TAM)等促腫瘤免疫細胞之浸潤有關,並證實肥胖通過活化YAP促進IL33之基因表現,而在DIO小鼠腫瘤組織中也觀察到相符的結果。此外,我們發現具有IL33高表現與肥胖之癌症患者對於免疫治療具有較差之反應。綜上所述,本篇研究結果揭示了YAP在肥胖相關三陰性乳癌進展的代謝重整與免疫抑制之關鍵作用,並為治療肥胖乳癌患者提供了新的思路。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/9694

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