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消防員之風險特質與自評傷害歷史之關聯性研究
Other Title
The investigation of individual differences in personality traits, behaviors, and its association with self-reported injury history in Taiwanese firefighters.
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2022-07-08
Author(s)
張哲銘
Advisor
陳澂毅
Subjects
系所名稱：傷害防治學研究所碩士班
Publisher
傷害防治學研究所碩士班
Description
口試委員：范揚騰 FAN, YANG-TENG;陳品玲 CHEN, PING-LING;陳澂毅 CHEN, CHENG-YI
開放校內, 開放日期為2022-07-19;校外, 開放日期為2024-01-01
開放校內, 開放日期為2022-07-19;校外, 開放日期為2024-01-01
Abstract
據我國消防年報統計，近年消防人員傷亡數人數每年將近約100至150人(內政部消防署, 2019)，舉凡救災現場、出勤途中甚至在隊訓練皆可能造成人員傷亡。由此可知，風險皆存在於各環節中，必須由消防人員自行判斷並採取相對應措施，而這樣的風險承擔行為因同時具多樣性且不確定性，往往造成消防員無法做出正確判斷，因而導致傷害發生，並造成憾事。
本研究以心理為出發點，藉由探討不同人格特質在面臨不同風險時的潛在衝動並以經濟決策試驗(樂透試驗)選擇模擬對於事件的反應來探討經濟決策策略與消防人員之工作傷害的關聯性。結果發現消防族群中新奇追求(Novelty Seeking, NS)與傷害迴避(Harm Avoidance, HA)具相關性。在經濟決策策略遊戲數據中，將受試者區分為高風險組及低風險組的情況下，高風險組在遊戲中的平均風險值與生涯工作總受傷數呈現正相關(r=0.235, p=0.018)，顯示遊戲中的決策風險指標可以顯著預測生涯工作總受傷數，在遊戲中採取越高風險決策的受試者，生涯因為工作受傷的總次數越多；低風險組中，在遊戲中選擇高風險的題數越多的人，生涯工作總受傷數次數反而越少(r=-0.249, p=0.041)。
以上結果可能是因為大腦在進行風險評估和決策時使用到共同神經網路，不論是在評估經濟決策中的風險，還是環境物理威脅的風險，會使用到重疊的神經心理機制，這將使發展經濟決策風險指標有助於預防或控制消防員因公受傷的可能性。
According to the statistics of Fire Protection Annual Report in R.O.C., the number of casualties among firefighters is about 100 to 150 per year in recent years (Fire Department of the Ministry of the Interior, 2019). Casualties may be caused at the scene of disaster relief, on the way to work, or even during team training. Those risks exist in each part of the incidents, and firefighters must judge and take corresponding measures by themselves. However, such risk-taking behaviors are both diverse and uncertain, which often results in firefighters being unable to make correct judgments. As a result, injuries have occurred, and regrets have occurred.
This study takes psychology as a starting point to explore the relationship between economic decision-making strategies and firefighters' work injuries by exploring the potential impulses of different personality traits when faced with different risks and using lottery choice task to simulate the response to events. The results showed that the novelty seeking (NS) was correlated with harm avoidance (HA) in the firefighting group. In the economic decision-making strategy game data, it is divided into high-risk group and low-risk group, and the average coefficient of variation (CV) value of the high-risk group in the game (average risk value, the higher the risk, the higher the risk) is positively correlated with the total number of career injuries ( r=0.235, p=0.018), indicating that the decision-making risk index in the game can significantly predict the total number of career injuries, and participants who take higher-risk decisions in the game have more career-related injuries. While as low-risk decision makers, those who chose more high-risk questions in the game had fewer career injuries (r=-0.249, p=0.041).
The results may be influenced by the brain using a common neural network in risk assessment and decision-making. Whether it is assessing the risk in economic decision-making or the risk of environmental physical threats, overlapping neuropsychological mechanisms will be used, which will enable development. Economic decision-making risk indicators help prevent or control the potential for firefighters to be injured on the job.
本研究以心理為出發點，藉由探討不同人格特質在面臨不同風險時的潛在衝動並以經濟決策試驗(樂透試驗)選擇模擬對於事件的反應來探討經濟決策策略與消防人員之工作傷害的關聯性。結果發現消防族群中新奇追求(Novelty Seeking, NS)與傷害迴避(Harm Avoidance, HA)具相關性。在經濟決策策略遊戲數據中，將受試者區分為高風險組及低風險組的情況下，高風險組在遊戲中的平均風險值與生涯工作總受傷數呈現正相關(r=0.235, p=0.018)，顯示遊戲中的決策風險指標可以顯著預測生涯工作總受傷數，在遊戲中採取越高風險決策的受試者，生涯因為工作受傷的總次數越多；低風險組中，在遊戲中選擇高風險的題數越多的人，生涯工作總受傷數次數反而越少(r=-0.249, p=0.041)。
以上結果可能是因為大腦在進行風險評估和決策時使用到共同神經網路，不論是在評估經濟決策中的風險，還是環境物理威脅的風險，會使用到重疊的神經心理機制，這將使發展經濟決策風險指標有助於預防或控制消防員因公受傷的可能性。
According to the statistics of Fire Protection Annual Report in R.O.C., the number of casualties among firefighters is about 100 to 150 per year in recent years (Fire Department of the Ministry of the Interior, 2019). Casualties may be caused at the scene of disaster relief, on the way to work, or even during team training. Those risks exist in each part of the incidents, and firefighters must judge and take corresponding measures by themselves. However, such risk-taking behaviors are both diverse and uncertain, which often results in firefighters being unable to make correct judgments. As a result, injuries have occurred, and regrets have occurred.
This study takes psychology as a starting point to explore the relationship between economic decision-making strategies and firefighters' work injuries by exploring the potential impulses of different personality traits when faced with different risks and using lottery choice task to simulate the response to events. The results showed that the novelty seeking (NS) was correlated with harm avoidance (HA) in the firefighting group. In the economic decision-making strategy game data, it is divided into high-risk group and low-risk group, and the average coefficient of variation (CV) value of the high-risk group in the game (average risk value, the higher the risk, the higher the risk) is positively correlated with the total number of career injuries ( r=0.235, p=0.018), indicating that the decision-making risk index in the game can significantly predict the total number of career injuries, and participants who take higher-risk decisions in the game have more career-related injuries. While as low-risk decision makers, those who chose more high-risk questions in the game had fewer career injuries (r=-0.249, p=0.041).
The results may be influenced by the brain using a common neural network in risk assessment and decision-making. Whether it is assessing the risk in economic decision-making or the risk of environmental physical threats, overlapping neuropsychological mechanisms will be used, which will enable development. Economic decision-making risk indicators help prevent or control the potential for firefighters to be injured on the job.