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  5. 個別化營養諮詢對後期慢性腎臟疾病患者營養狀況之探討
 
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個別化營養諮詢對後期慢性腎臟疾病患者營養狀況之探討

Other Title
The effect of individualized nutritional counselling on nutritional status in the patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2014-06-24
Author(s)
林郁茹
Advisor
趙振瑞
Subjects
系所名稱:保健營養學研究所
Description
學位別:碩士
語文別:中文
指導教授:趙振瑞
共同指導教授:
口試委員:曾明淑;夏詩閔
中文關鍵字:慢性腎臟疾病;營養諮詢;營養狀況
Abstract
根據衛生福利部公佈2012年公佈國人「十大主要死因」,腎炎、腎症候群、腎性病變位居第十位;慢性腎臟病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)在全世界人口中,30歲以上的成年人的罹病率達7.2%;65歲以上的患病率達23.4-35.8%。腎臟功能的衰退伴隨臨床上常見的特徵為:血液尿素氮、肌酸酐、尿酸上升;氮血症、貧血、代謝性酸中毒、高血磷、低血鈣等症狀。本研究預計回溯臺北醫學大學附設醫院經腎臟內科醫師診斷為慢性腎臟病第三至五期病人40例,且規律回診腎臟科,年齡介於20至90歲,一年內有兩次以上的營養諮詢紀錄,並有完整24小時飲食紀錄者,共計回溯15例。平均年齡75.1±9.8歲;平均BMI 24.1±3.1公斤/公尺2;平均收縮壓/舒張壓 139.7±13.6/79.7±13.2 毫米汞柱。營養諮詢後,飲食攝取熱量顯著高於營養諮詢前(1557.8±215.3 v.s 1378.1±215.3大卡;P<0.00);但仍低於飲食建議攝取量(1751.4±152.0大卡)。營養諮詢後醣類攝取有顯著增加(198.2±45.0 v.s 216.0±48.8 公克;P=0.00);飽和脂肪酸攝取顯著下降(18.3±10.3 v.s 23.9±10.4 公克;P=0.03);但未達建議量<7%總熱量的建議目標。營養諮詢後膽固醇攝取顯著下降(117.6±88.7 v.s 184.0±116.2 mg/dL;P=0.03)。若依性別分組,男、女性於營養諮詢後熱量攝取皆顯著高於營養諮詢前(男性:1441.9±247.0 v.s 1612.2±178.6大卡;P<0.00;女性:1102.6±153.2 v.s 1316.7±205.4大卡;P=0.00)。女性的蛋白質攝取在營養諮詢後顯著減少(41.6±7.5 v.s 37.5±6.6公克;P=0.048)。
針對後期慢性腎臟病患者給予個別化的營養諮詢,病人的每日熱量攝取量與兩次諮詢間相比有顯著增加,但仍未達每日建議攝取量;三大營養素:醣類攝取量兩次營養諮詢間有顯著增加;飽和脂肪酸攝取量兩次營養諮詢間有顯著減少,蛋白質攝取則無顯著差異。而營養諮詢前後,病人體位、白蛋白、血壓、血容比、腎絲球過濾率皆無顯著差異。給予CKD病人適當且個別化的營養諮詢,可改善其整體熱量攝取量,但不影響病人的營養狀況。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/56732

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