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Changes in Unmet Need for Family Planning and Associated Factors among Married Women Aged 15–24 Years in Nepal
Other Title
Changes in Unmet Need for Family Planning and Associated Factors among Married Women Aged 15–24 Years in Nepal
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2025-06-02
Author(s)
Mamta Verma
Advisor
Subjects
系所名稱：全球衛生暨衛生安全碩士學位學程
Publisher
全球衛生暨衛生安全碩士學位學程
Description
學位別：碩士
口試委員：GAO WAYNE; SANNA MATTIA; 蔡旻光
關鍵字：Unmet need for family planning、Unmet need for spacing、Unmet need for limiting、Adolescent Girls and Young Women、Nepal
口試委員：GAO WAYNE; SANNA MATTIA; 蔡旻光
關鍵字：Unmet need for family planning、Unmet need for spacing、Unmet need for limiting、Adolescent Girls and Young Women、Nepal
Abstract
Background: Adolescent girls and young women aged 15–24 years in Nepal face significant reproductive health challenges, including a high unmet need for family planning (UNFP), which contributes to unintended pregnancies and maternal mortality. This study explores changes in UNFP and factors associated, providing insights for targeted interventions.
Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2011, 2016, 2022) were examined for currently married women aged 15–24. UNFP was categorized as spacing (wanting to delay childbirth without using contraceptives) and limiting (wanting no more children without using contraceptives). A binary UNFP variable (no unmet need vs. total unmet need) and a multinomial UNFP variable (no unmet need, unmet need for spacing and unmet need for limiting) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate Adjusted Odds Ratios for factors associated with overall UNFP, while multinomial logistic regression calculated Relative Risk Ratios for UNFP related to spacing and limiting needs, compared to no unmet need.
Results: UNFP decreased from 38.3% in 2011 to 28.3% in 2022. Binary regression showed that women aged 20–24 (OR: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.453–0.985) and primiparous women (OR: 0.382 in 2011, OR: 0.271 in 2016 and OR: 0.209 in 2022 were less likely to report UNFP. Multinomial regression found that early childbirth increased the likelihood of unmet need for limiting (RRR: 2.749 in 2011, 4.045 in 2016, 2.053 in 2022). Women in Madhesh Province were more likely to report unmet need for both spacing (RRR: 2.643, 95% CI: 1.082-6.456) and limiting (RRR: 4.049, 95% CI: 1.269-12.921). Women visited by Female Community Health Volunteers were more likely to report unmet need for limiting in 2022 (RRR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.604-2.434).
Conclusion: UNFP among adolescent girls and young women in Nepal remains high, requiring urgent action. Key strategies include addressing early childbearing, reducing provincial disparities, involving men in family planning programs, enhancing employment opportunities and strengthening the role of FCHVs to promote equitable access for adolescent girls and young women.
Methods: Data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (2011, 2016, 2022) were examined for currently married women aged 15–24. UNFP was categorized as spacing (wanting to delay childbirth without using contraceptives) and limiting (wanting no more children without using contraceptives). A binary UNFP variable (no unmet need vs. total unmet need) and a multinomial UNFP variable (no unmet need, unmet need for spacing and unmet need for limiting) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate Adjusted Odds Ratios for factors associated with overall UNFP, while multinomial logistic regression calculated Relative Risk Ratios for UNFP related to spacing and limiting needs, compared to no unmet need.
Results: UNFP decreased from 38.3% in 2011 to 28.3% in 2022. Binary regression showed that women aged 20–24 (OR: 0.668, 95% CI: 0.453–0.985) and primiparous women (OR: 0.382 in 2011, OR: 0.271 in 2016 and OR: 0.209 in 2022 were less likely to report UNFP. Multinomial regression found that early childbirth increased the likelihood of unmet need for limiting (RRR: 2.749 in 2011, 4.045 in 2016, 2.053 in 2022). Women in Madhesh Province were more likely to report unmet need for both spacing (RRR: 2.643, 95% CI: 1.082-6.456) and limiting (RRR: 4.049, 95% CI: 1.269-12.921). Women visited by Female Community Health Volunteers were more likely to report unmet need for limiting in 2022 (RRR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.604-2.434).
Conclusion: UNFP among adolescent girls and young women in Nepal remains high, requiring urgent action. Key strategies include addressing early childbearing, reducing provincial disparities, involving men in family planning programs, enhancing employment opportunities and strengthening the role of FCHVs to promote equitable access for adolescent girls and young women.