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  5. 罕見疾病藥物在公費給付的等待期跨國比較
 
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罕見疾病藥物在公費給付的等待期跨國比較

Other Title
Waiting Times for Public Reimbursement of Rare Disease Medication: An International Comparison
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2025-06-10
Author(s)
洪亦嬨
Advisor
湯澡薰
Subjects
系所名稱:醫務管理學系碩士班
Publisher
醫務管理學系碩士班
Description
學位別:碩士
口試委員:湯澡薰; 李丞華; 蒲若芳
關鍵字:罕見疾病、罕藥、公費給付、給付時長
Abstract
罕見疾病患者因病患人數稀少與治療成本高昂,常面臨藥物研發動機不足與取得困難等多重障礙,如何縮短罕藥從核准上市至納入公費給付的等待期,是提升其可近性與公平性的核心課題。本研究採用橫斷性比較設計,選取德國、英國、法國、澳洲、日本、韓國與台灣等七個高收入國家,針對 15 種目前僅有單一治療藥物之罕見疾病,蒐集其在各國自上市至納入公費給付的時間資料,並進一步比較此 15 種罕藥與 2024 年全球銷售額前十大癌症藥品及非癌症藥品在各國給付等待期上的差異。
研究結果顯示,各國之罕藥等待期和台灣存在顯著差異,德國與日本的等待期顯著短於台灣,中位數分別為 0.1 個月(Q1-Q3: 0.1-0.2, p< 0.0001)及 2.0 個月(Q1-Q3: 2.0-2.7,p=0.0003),其餘國家和台灣間的差異則未達統計顯著水準(如澳洲 p= 0.9092,英國 p=0.1568,法國 p= 0.1395,韓國 p= 0.0563),但仍可觀察到給付等待期上在數據差異。
在各國內部比較方面,英國的罕藥等待期顯著長於癌藥(p=0.0016),而台灣則呈現相反現象,罕藥等待期顯著短於癌藥(p=0.0137);英國及韓國的罕藥等待期也明顯長於非癌藥(p 值分別為 0.0010 及 0.0069)。
雖然台灣在跨國比較中並未顯著落後,然多數未給付藥品仍處於未審狀態,且即便通過健保給付,亦常伴隨嚴格條件限制,使實際受惠者有限。本研究除進行罕藥等待期的跨國比較研究,亦提供制度面檢討與政策調整之實證依據,期望有助於未來改善罕藥可近性與分配正義之政策規劃。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/9542

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