美國檔案知識庫發展經驗之研究

檔案的目的在為未來創造知識，各國政府為了能成為二十一世紀的主宰，無不卯足
全力，對過去的歷史檔案做有效的管理，為後人留下紀錄以供查閱，並為政府施政
提供參考資料；此外，除了尋求現代科技保存政府檔案之外，更希望能發掘檔案中
的隱性知識，使得這些歷史事蹟的里程，成為尋求最佳脈絡的解決方案。本文介紹
美國檔案知識庫之發展經驗，包括其主管機構國家檔案暨文件署之組織架構，以及
其主導的「電子檔案典藏計畫」，並在文末提出三點建議，期望藉由研究美國之相關
經驗，尤其是其建立檔案知識庫的願景、目標、發展策略與需求規劃，以及其致力
提供更多更完善之服務的目標，提供我國檔案主管單位寶貴的經驗，做為規劃發展
檔案知識庫相關計畫時之參考。

The purpose of archiving is to build up a knowledgebase for future reference. In order to
play the leading roles in the 21st century, countries around the world are all effectively
maintaining their historical archives; not only does it preserve records for future inquiry,
it also will provide guidelines for political reference information. Besides, by archiving
records using modern technology, we also expect to explore the tacit knowledge, set up
milestone from these historical deeds, so that we can seek for the best solution more
efficiently. This article presents the development of the United States archival knowledge
databases, including the organization of its authority –the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), and its "Electronic Records Archives (ERA)" project. At the
end of this article, after observing the United States archiving system, particularly on its
vision, goal, strategy, and planning, as well as its efforts of providing more and better
service, the authors propose three suggestions; and hope this article can provide our
National Archives Administration some valuable recourses and references as we plan on
our archiving and related developments.