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  5. 探討臺灣飲料、乳品、家禽與家畜類之非必需金屬濃度與評估其健康風險
 
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探討臺灣飲料、乳品、家禽與家畜類之非必需金屬濃度與評估其健康風險

Other Title
Investigation of non-essential metal concentrations in beverages, dairy products, poultry, and livestock in Taiwan and assessment of associated health risks
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2025-07-14
Author(s)
潘彥儀
Advisor
廖凱威
Subjects
系所名稱:食品安全學系碩士班
Publisher
食品安全學系碩士班
Description
學位別:碩士
口試委員:洪偉倫; 秦唯珊; 廖凱威
關鍵字:飲料類、乳品類、家禽類及其製品類、家畜類及其製品類、非必需金屬、健康風險評估、早期腎臟損傷
Abstract
金屬可經由空氣、水與土壤進入食物鏈,人類最主要以飲食的方式攝入金屬,非必需金屬於體內對人體無生理功能且具毒性,其中鎘、鉬和鋇已被證實暴露後主要影響器官為腎臟,而臺灣為末期腎臟病的發生率及盛行率全球之首,因此本研究旨在調查四大類主要食物(飲料類、乳品類、家禽類及其製品類、家畜類及其製品類)中六種非必需金屬(砷、鎘、鉛、鉬、鋇、鉈)濃度並評估其對人體健康風險,並且進一步探討飲食攝入頻率是否會增加早期腎臟損傷風險。本研究食物樣本依據國家攝食資料庫分類進行收集,於臺灣北部收集飲料類共91項、乳品類共53項,且於臺灣北、中、南、東部傳統市場收集家禽類及其製品類共17項、家畜類及其製品類共39項,經前處理後以應耦合電漿串聯質譜儀分析六種金屬濃度,並計算臺灣19-65歲族群及臺灣青年族群攝食之健康風險,並探討臺灣青年族群飲食與早期腎臟損傷之相關性。研究結果顯示飲料/乳品類樣本中金屬濃度分別為砷:0.813/1.750 ng/mL、鉬:4.184/84.740 ng/mL、鎘:0.286/1.178 ng/mL、鋇:37.035/262.405 ng/mL、鉈:0.085/0.019 ng/mL、鉛:1.776/5.288 ng/mL;家禽/家畜類及其製品類樣本中則為砷:13.219/6.528 ng/g、鉬:234.156/432.634 ng/g、鎘:2.650/40.123 ng/g、鋇:13.567/137.085 ng/g、鉈:0.144/0.193 ng/g、鉛:7.117/26.348 ng/g。進一步分析所有飲料類中,果蔬汁中砷 (2.006 ng/mL)、鋇 (84.941 ng/mL)、鉛 (6.762 ng/mL)平均濃度最高;可可、咖啡與茶飲中鎘 (0.825 ng/mL) 平均濃度最高;粉狀、固態乳品中砷、鎘、鉛、鉬、鋇濃度顯著高於液態乳品,除了鉈;家畜類及其製品類中鎘、鉛、鉬、鋇、鉈濃度高於家禽類及其製品類,其中砷以家禽類 (13.219 ng/g) 較高。雖多數樣品金屬含量未超過國家的砷、鎘、鉛限量標準,但起司、三歲以上兒童乳粉與牛腎中仍發現鉛超標情形。健康風險評估結果顯示,一般攝食情況(平均數)下非必需金屬暴露風險皆低,而在第95百分位暴露下,家禽 (HI=1.211)、家畜 (HI=1.149) 顯示具非致癌風險;砷的致癌風險在第95百分位暴露下亦皆在可接受範圍內(平均值:6.79E-06~3.07E-05;第95百分位數: 2.06E-05~8.46E-05)。此外,臺灣青年族群資料分析顯示,飲料與家禽類攝食量與尿液中微白蛋白濃度呈顯著正相關,但其可能造成腎臟風險的危害指標皆低於1,而家畜類在第95百分位暴露下風險值最高 (HI=0.9304),建議未來研究進一步分析實際攝入與腎功能的關聯。本研究建立臺灣四大類食品中六種非必需金屬濃度之背景值,並以全國代表性資料進行暴露與健康風險評估,結果將可作為日後食品安全標準與公共衛生政策之參考依據。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/9080

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