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  5. 臺灣市售嬰兒奶粉中縮水甘油酯與3-單氯丙二醇酯含量分析與風險評估研究
 
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臺灣市售嬰兒奶粉中縮水甘油酯與3-單氯丙二醇酯含量分析與風險評估研究

Other Title
Glycidyl and 3-Monochloropropanediol Esters in Commercial Infant Formulas in Taiwan: Occurrence and Risk Assessment
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2022-07-08
Author(s)
劉臻
Advisor
李偉如
Subjects
系所名稱:食品安全碩士學位學程
Description
學位別:碩士
語文別:中文
口試委員:林士祥 LIN, SHYH-HSIANG;廖凱威 LIAO, KAI-WEI;李偉如 LEE, WEI-JU
授權範圍:網際網路,開放日期為2022-12-14
Abstract
縮水甘油酯(glycidyl esters, GEs)及3-單氯丙二醇酯(3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters, 3-MCPDEs)主要在油脂精煉過程高溫脫臭步驟中形成,廣泛存在於市售精煉油脂並添加於嬰兒奶粉當中。GEs 和3-MCPDEs在體內消化後水解生成游離態glycidol與3-MCPD,分別被國際癌症研究機構(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC)歸類為人類可能致癌物2A與2B等級。參考歐盟嬰兒奶粉中 GEs之限量規範,臺灣於 2021年7月1日實施嬰兒奶粉中GEs之限量規範。本研究於2020年10月起為期一年抽樣 45種市售嬰兒奶粉,以液液萃取法進行奶粉中之油脂萃取,使用美國油脂化學家學會(American Oil Chemists’ Society, AOCS)Cd29a-13方法搭配氣相層析質譜法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分析其GEs及3-MCPDEs濃度。結果顯示不同品牌之奶粉產品GEs和3-MCPDEs濃度差異大,且兩者濃度相關性低(r=0.3365)。一般配方奶粉其GEs及3-MCPDEs平均濃度高於醫療特殊配方奶粉,然而統計上無顯著差異。來自紐澳地區之奶粉產品與其萃取油脂中GEs濃度顯著高於歐洲地區(p<0.05),與亞洲則無顯著差異。抽樣之奶粉皆符合歐盟GEs濃度之限量規範,可能原因為臺灣也在其保存期限內實施規範;而其中5種產品3-MCPDEs濃度超出歐盟限量標準,於歐盟3-MCPDEs法規實施後再次抽樣,3-MCPDEs濃度呈下降趨勢且均符合標準。添加棕櫚油與否中 GEs 濃度無顯著差異,而添加棕櫚油之奶粉產品及其萃取油脂3-MCPDEs濃度顯著較高(p<0.05)。臺灣0~1歲嬰兒透過攝取嬰兒奶粉的GEs暴露量計算暴露限值(margin of exposure, MoE)皆高於25,000,顯示為低健康風險,高暴露族群(P95)之3-MCPDEs暴露量則超出每日耐受攝取量(tolerable daily intake, TDI)的1.7倍。綜觀實施GEs限量規範之國家,其暴露量與風險均有較低之趨勢,臺灣目前尚未實施3-MCPDEs之限量規範,選擇不含棕櫚油之產品替代有助於減少3-MCPDEs暴露量。
URI
https://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/exz9e5
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/10347

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