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  5. 轉錄因子 nuclear factor kappa B 在凝血酶活化人類血小板中所扮演的機轉探討
 
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轉錄因子 nuclear factor kappa B 在凝血酶活化人類血小板中所扮演的機轉探討

Other Title
Mechanisms of nuclear factor kappa B in thrombin-induced human platelets activation
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2013-01-14
Author(s)
陳威帆
Advisor
許準榕
Subjects
系所名稱:醫學科學研究所
Description
學位別:博士
語文別:中文
指導教授:許準榕
共同指導教授:
口試委員:黃德富;顏茂雄;蕭哲志;許銘仁
中文關鍵字:凝血酶、轉錄因子NF-κB;磷酸酯酶PARs;ceramide;nSMase
Abstract
轉錄因子(NF-KappaB)可控制有核細胞的生存與死亡,並且與免疫和發炎反應有關,然而對於其在無核細胞中所扮演的角色至今仍不清楚。本研究詳細探討凝血酶(thrombin)如何刺激無核細胞(血小板)中轉錄因子(NF-κB)活化,進而造成血小板凝集。Thrombin是一種強效血小板活化劑,對於止血和血栓形成扮演著重要的角色。Thrombin活化血小板,主要是透過protease-activated receptor1(PAR1)和PAR4。然而,在血小板中,PAR1和PAR4的下游訊息目前尚未清楚。在本研究中,利用3-OMS(neutral sphingomyelinase抑制劑)以及Bay11-7082 (NF-κB抑制劑),皆能顯著抑制thrombin誘發的血小板凝集、細胞內鈣離子流動以及P-selectin的表現。除此之外,我們利用3-OMS和SB203580 (p38 MAPK抑制劑) 也能抑制thrombin刺激的IkB kinase (IKK)β?n和IκB?捘C酸化。為了進一步討論protease-activated receptors跟轉錄因子NF-?羠的關係,我們利用PAR1跟PAR4的活化劑來活化血小板凝集。由實驗結果得知,3-OMS能有效抑制PAR4活化劑引起的血小板凝集但卻不能抑制PAR1活化劑引起的血小板凝集。接著經由免疫沉澱法發現,在未經刺激的血小板中,neutral sphingomyelinase和PAR4是複合體,經由thrombin刺激以後,neutral sphingomyelinase會和PAR4分離,進而造成ceramide產生。另一方面,我們使用液相層析串聯式質譜儀發現血小板中的ceramide主要是以C24:0存在,且在凝血酶跟PAR4活化劑刺激之下,血小板中C24:0 ceramide的量會增加,但是在PAR1活化劑的刺激之下,C24:0 ceramide的量並不會有任何改變。除了以上的結果之外,我們外加C2-ceramide (ceramide相似物)發現C2-ceramide能造成血小板中IKKβ和p38 MAPK磷酸化。在活體實驗中得知,C2-ceramide能縮短凝血所需的時間。綜合以上的結果,在未經刺激的血小板中,neutral sphingomyelinase跟PAR4是複合物,經由thronbin刺激之後,neutral sphingomyelinase離開PAR4,造成ceramide的量增加,進而使p38 MAPK-NF-?羠活化,最後導致血小板凝集。
根據以上的結果,我們知道thrombin會造成血小板中ceramide的含量增加。過去的研究指出,ceramide活化的磷酸酯酶(Ceramide-activated protein phosphatases),包括: protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)和protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)。在血小板中,磷酸酯酶所扮演的角色目前尚未清楚。本研究中,我們發現okadaic acid (磷酸酯酶抑制劑)能促進thrombin誘導的血小板凝集。此外,thrombin也能增加PP2A的磷酸化,使得PP2A活性降低。藉由這樣的結果我們利用免疫沉法進一步發現,在未經刺激的血小板中,p38 MAPK和PP2A是複合體,經由thrombin刺激以後,p38 MAPK會和PP2A分離,造成p38 MAPK磷酸化。另一方面,thrombin卻減少Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1(SHP-1)的磷酸化。綜合以上結果,SHP-1跟PP2A可能共同調節p38 MAPK的活化,來平衡血小板中磷酸酯酶和去磷酸酯酶的相互作用
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/13935

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