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  5. 尿液中腎小管上皮細胞的檢驗於腎病的臨床應用
 
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尿液中腎小管上皮細胞的檢驗於腎病的臨床應用

Other Title
Clinical Application of Urinary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Examination in Nephropathy
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2018-01-04
Author(s)
魏聖修
Advisor
吳雪霞
Subjects
系所名稱:醫學檢驗暨生物技術學系所
Description
學位別:碩士
語文別:中文
指導教授:吳雪霞
口試委員:林靜宜;李麗花
中文關鍵字:腎小管上皮細胞,慢性腎臟病
英文關鍵字:Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell,Chronic kidney disease
Abstract
根據美國腎臟資料系統(The US Renal Data System, USRDS)最新統計臺灣地區末期腎臟病(End Stage Renal Disease, ESRD)之發生率(Incidence rate)及盛行率(Prevalence rate)皆高居世界首位。目前對於慢性腎臟病(Chronic kidney disease, CKD)的診斷,評估腎功能是藉血液檢測血清肌酸酐(Creatinine)、腎絲球過濾率(Glomerular filtration rate, GFR)或尿液檢測微量白蛋白(Microalbumin)及尿液常規檢查(Urine routine),也可配合腎切片及影像醫學檢查來輔助確診。本研究的目的為研究分析腎小管上皮細胞(Renal tubular epithelial Cells, RTEC)是否可作為慢性腎臟病早期預測方法之一。自2017年01月23日起,收案576名病患並依據有無腎病分成二組進行分析,血液檢測Triglyceride、Total cholesterol、Cholesterol-LDL、BUN、Creatinine、eGFR、Uric acid、Albumin及Glucose,尿液檢測Protein、Creatinine、Microalbumin、Urine strip及鏡檢RTEC,並統計各項數據於腎病或RTEC間之差異性、相關性比較及疾病勝算比與概似比。實驗結果顯示,576名收案對象以女性較多(51.9%;299/576)。二組平均年齡皆呈現大於60歲之高齡化,且各年齡層皆有罹患腎病之可能性。當發生糖尿病或/且高血壓時,以有腎病者(25.1%;145/576)較無腎病者(23.3%;134/576)多。各項腎功能(BUN、Creatinine、eGFR、Uric acid、Albumin)數據於腎病是否發生間皆有顯著差異性(p值< 0.05),然而對於血脂類(Triglyceride、Total cholesterol、Cholesterol-LDL)、血糖及尿液Creatinine檢測卻無達到統計上之差異(p值 = 0.675、0.279、0.097、0.412)。依據CKD分期其314名無腎病者以G2期佔多數(151名,26.2%),而262名有腎病者中以G4期為主(60名,10.4%),顯示分別具有輕度及重度腎臟功能障礙。藉由Sternheimer stain染色鏡檢之RTEC呈現長形鋸齒狀,細胞質為紅紫色,偏心的細胞核為藍紫色,顆粒性的細胞質具有鋸齒狀的邊緣很明顯。RTEC出現於各個年齡層,且不論有無腎病或腎功能相關指標異常時,皆可於尿液發現0-2/HPF的分佈,與尿液十項化學反應的蛋白質(Protein, PRO)、白血球酯酶(Leukocyte esterase, LEU)及亞硝酸鹽(Nitrite, NIT)有較高的陽性率。各變數之相關性比較顯示當Creatinine值偏高、eGFR值偏低或尿液試紙PRO反應愈異常而呈現腎功能愈異常時,其RTEC數量的分佈就愈少。以RTEC作為腎病診斷工具時,從ROC曲線判別優於Pro(spot)及mAlb(spot),但還是不及血液檢測Creatinine、BUN 及eGFR。改以由多檢驗項目診斷腎病有無是可提升檢測該病之機率,其陽性概似比從0.565提升至3.027。總結,將RTEC新增於尿沉渣細胞鏡檢報告中,建議透過Sternheimer stain染色以增加對比易於判別及從尿液試紙之蛋白質、白血球酯酶及亞硝酸鹽作邏輯性判斷RTEC檢出率,另以多次採檢或檢體量增加以獲取細胞量。在臨床照護上,藉由醫師病況詢問和配合血液檢測Creatinine及eGFR與尿液篩檢微量白蛋白等多個腎病標誌才能評估出早期腎病的發生。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/58315

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