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Energy expenditure during a resistance training exercise in the healthy population
Other Title
Energy expenditure during a resistance training exercise in the healthy population
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2022-05-20
Author(s)
MUHAMMAD ADEEL
Advisor
CHIH-WEI PENG; CHIEN-HUNG LAI
Subjects
系所名稱：國際生醫工程博士學位學程
Publisher
國際生醫工程博士學位學程
Description
口試委員：JIUNN-HORNG KANG JIUNN-HORNG KANG;BOR-SHING LIN BOR-SHING LIN;TSUNG-HSUN HSIEH TSUNG-HSUN HSIEH;CHIEN-HUNG LAI CHIEN-HUNG LAI;CHIH-WEI PENG CHIH-WEI PENG
網際網路,開放日期為2022-06-28
網際網路,開放日期為2022-06-28
Abstract
Background: Energy expenditure (EE) during resistance or strength training (RT/ST) exercise produces great fitness and health benefits for humans, but limited studies have investigated EE directly during resistance exercises. EE through metabolic equivalent (MET) and oxygen consumption (VO2) estimation during resistance workouts in humans can be modeled by using cardiorespiratory parameters and surface electromyography (sEMG) of local muscles.
Objective: To determine energy cost during three resistance workouts comprising three exercises in stage 1. And to estimate energy cost during six resistance workouts consisting of three different exercises from cardiorespiratory parameters
and sEMG of body muscles during stage 2.
Methods: During stage 1, ten participants were enrolled into two groups: an untrained (n = 5, with no weight training experience) and a trained group (n = 5, with 2 months’ weight training experience). Each participant completed three training sessions on separate days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements, each participant completed training sessions carried out with three dumbbell exercises: bent-over row (BOR), deadlift (DL), and lunge (Lg). METs, EE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. During stage 2, eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5) and a trained group (n = 6) and they completed six training sessions. The three types of dumbbell exercises performed are shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The METs, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, blood lactate (BL), RPE, and sEMG of both sides
middle deltoid, lumbar erector spinae, quadriceps, and hamstring were measured. The MET from cardiorespiratory parameters and VO2 from the sEMG root mean square (RMS) of the investigated muscles were predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods.
Results: During stage 1, the total cost of energy was derived from VO2 during each exercise. Our results presented that the METs of a single training workout were 3.3 kcal for the untrained and 3.4 kcal for the trained groups, whereas the total EE was 683~688 kcal and 779~840 kcal, respectively. The respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.010*) for the three exercises differed considerably, while the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Borg rate of perceived exertion did not reach significant levels. During the stage 2 exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group [quasi-likelihood under an independence model criterion] (QIC = 187, p = 0.0001***~0.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, p = 0.0001***~0.002*) during the resting period for untrained group significantly estimated MET for moderate-intensity resistance training exercises. The sEMG of untrained vs. trained groups significantly computed GEE (QIC = 344, p = 0.020* vs. QIC = 867, p = 0.018*), respectively. The predicted models for the three types of exercises for the untrained vs. trained groups were shoulder press (QIC = 129, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 116, p = 0.001**), deadlift (QIC = 164, p = 0.003* vs. QIC = 309, p = 0.016*), and squat (QIC = 67, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 365, p = 0.031*),
respectively.
Conclusion: The stage 1 exercise protocol of this study involved a moderate-intensity exercise of 2.4~3.9 METs. The energy cost of each training exercise was between 179~291 kcal. It is also inferred that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET. During stage 2, RER and HR significantly estimated MET for two groups along with SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training groups respectively. The models significantly predicted for the three types of exercises using the right and left middle deltoid, right and left lumbar erector spinae, left rectus femoris, and right and left biceps femoris sEMG RMS for the untrained and trained groups during moderate-intensity strength training exercises.
Objective: To determine energy cost during three resistance workouts comprising three exercises in stage 1. And to estimate energy cost during six resistance workouts consisting of three different exercises from cardiorespiratory parameters
and sEMG of body muscles during stage 2.
Methods: During stage 1, ten participants were enrolled into two groups: an untrained (n = 5, with no weight training experience) and a trained group (n = 5, with 2 months’ weight training experience). Each participant completed three training sessions on separate days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements, each participant completed training sessions carried out with three dumbbell exercises: bent-over row (BOR), deadlift (DL), and lunge (Lg). METs, EE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. During stage 2, eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5) and a trained group (n = 6) and they completed six training sessions. The three types of dumbbell exercises performed are shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The METs, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, blood lactate (BL), RPE, and sEMG of both sides
middle deltoid, lumbar erector spinae, quadriceps, and hamstring were measured. The MET from cardiorespiratory parameters and VO2 from the sEMG root mean square (RMS) of the investigated muscles were predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods.
Results: During stage 1, the total cost of energy was derived from VO2 during each exercise. Our results presented that the METs of a single training workout were 3.3 kcal for the untrained and 3.4 kcal for the trained groups, whereas the total EE was 683~688 kcal and 779~840 kcal, respectively. The respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.010*) for the three exercises differed considerably, while the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Borg rate of perceived exertion did not reach significant levels. During the stage 2 exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group [quasi-likelihood under an independence model criterion] (QIC = 187, p = 0.0001***~0.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, p = 0.0001***~0.002*) during the resting period for untrained group significantly estimated MET for moderate-intensity resistance training exercises. The sEMG of untrained vs. trained groups significantly computed GEE (QIC = 344, p = 0.020* vs. QIC = 867, p = 0.018*), respectively. The predicted models for the three types of exercises for the untrained vs. trained groups were shoulder press (QIC = 129, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 116, p = 0.001**), deadlift (QIC = 164, p = 0.003* vs. QIC = 309, p = 0.016*), and squat (QIC = 67, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 365, p = 0.031*),
respectively.
Conclusion: The stage 1 exercise protocol of this study involved a moderate-intensity exercise of 2.4~3.9 METs. The energy cost of each training exercise was between 179~291 kcal. It is also inferred that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET. During stage 2, RER and HR significantly estimated MET for two groups along with SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training groups respectively. The models significantly predicted for the three types of exercises using the right and left middle deltoid, right and left lumbar erector spinae, left rectus femoris, and right and left biceps femoris sEMG RMS for the untrained and trained groups during moderate-intensity strength training exercises.