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  5. 自來水淨水程序對酸性藥物處理效能評估
 
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自來水淨水程序對酸性藥物處理效能評估

Other Title
Acidic pharmaceutical removal in drinking water treatment process
Type
thesis
Date Issued
2009-05-01
Author(s)
林怡欣
Advisor
胡景堯
Subjects
系所名稱:公共衛生學研究所
Description
學位別:碩士
語文別:中文
指導教授:胡景堯
共同指導教授:
口試委員:官文惠;陳奕宏
中文關鍵字:酸性消炎止痛藥;混凝沉澱;加氯消毒;前加氯;消毒副產物;濁度;高效能液相層析儀;核磁共振儀
Abstract
近年來,國內外逐漸開始重視藥物與其他PPCPs (pharmaceutical and personal care products) 污染飲用水(drinking water)的問題,許多研究者嘗試以不同處理方法(water treatment processe)對於各種人類常用藥物之去除效果做探討。本研究評估以自來水工程(Engineering of Drinking water treatment)中之混凝沉澱(coagulation)、加氯消毒(chlorination disinfection)、前加氯消毒(pre-chlorination)等方法去除水中四種常用之酸性消炎止痛藥(Diclofenac、Ibuprofen、Naproxen、Ketoprofen)之去除效果,並探討濁度(NTU)及濁水中加鈣離子(Ca2+)對於四種藥物之去除效果之影響。本研究中藥物殘餘濃度(residuals concentration)皆以高效能液相層析儀(HPLC)作偵測,並以核磁共振儀(NMR)觀察加氯消毒副產物(chlorination disinfection by-products)。
研究結果發現在酸性條件下混凝沉澱對於此四種酸性藥物均有去除效果,其中以FeCl3為混凝劑之去除效果略優於AlCl3。加氯消毒只對Diclofenac及Naproxen有效,對Ibuprofen與Ketoprofen則無效,其去除藥物效果會隨著加氯量增加、pH值降低而上升。在前加氯實驗中,Diclofenac進行前加氯實驗效果較單一使用混凝沉澱或加氯消毒之去除方法均更為有效;而Naproxen之前加氯去除效果與加氯去除效果類似;因此Naproxen在前加氯中主要是受到加氯消毒的影響而Diclofenac則同時會受到加氯消毒及混凝沉澱兩種機制作用。在加氯消毒無效而混凝沉澱有效的Ketoprofen及Ibuprofen的實驗中發現,前加氯的效果在pH值6~7間去除效果優於單一進行混凝沉澱或加氯消毒,這表示氫氧化鐵Fe(OH)3可能可成為加氯氧化酸性藥物的反應中的催化劑(catalytic agent)。此外,以濁水進行混凝沉澱杯瓶試驗(Jat ters)後發現,在要有效去除濁度的先決條件下,混凝劑FeCl3無法有效去除水中酸性藥物,在濁水中加入鈣離子也同樣無效。因此,建議未來可在醫院廢水或藥廠廢水排放前先設計前置處理水中藥物,以防止自來水廠在濁水的情況下無法去除此類藥物。
以HPLC及NMR針對加氯消毒進行副產物分析,發現Diclofenac及Naproxen於加氯消毒過程中的確會形成消毒副產物,且反應時間越久則副產物結構越複雜,Naproxen主要被氯取代的位置為苯環兩側周邊的官能基,而Diclofenac則主要為結構式中兩個苯環間的NH基,所產生之消毒副產物是否具有對環境及人體健康更高毒性為未來重要的研究方向。
URI
https://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/12792
https://hdl.handle.net/11296/n9zx9m
File(s)
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C0191243.pdf

Size

16.26 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum

(MD5):13c2058d515ee64c095b2e7a321a1dfa

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