楊自森; 張承仁ANA ELENA AVINA ESTRADA2026-09-092026-09-092026-06-18https://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/y6rbachttps://203.71.86.71/handle/123456789/74306學位別：博士 語文別：英文 指導教授：楊自森; 張承仁 口試委員：陳盈汝; 陳怡帆; 陳之碩; 楊自森; 張承仁; 楊自森; 張承仁 授權範圍：網際網路,開放日期為2026-07-29 電子論文連結：https://handle.ncl.edu.tw/11296/y6rbacAbstract. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for enhancing cellular metabolism and tissue regeneration; however, the influence of cellular aging on PBM responses remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of 660 nm light-emitting diode (LED) and 830 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation on mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox signaling, extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, migration, and myogenic differentiation in young (≤5 passages) and aged (≥30 passages) C2C12 myoblasts. Cells were exposed to PBM at fluences ranging from 0 to 10 J/cm2. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic activity, ATP production, migration, differentiation, and EV characteristics were evaluated using fluorescence imaging, biochemical assays, wound-healing analysis, fusion index quantification, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), and ExoView tetraspanin profiling. PBM induced dose-dependent mitochondrial and metabolic responses consistent with a biphasic dose-response pattern, with 5 J/cm2 consistently producing the most favorable outcomes. Both LED and NIR irradiation enhanced mitochondrial activity, ATP production, and myogenic function, although the magnitude of these responses varied according to wavelength and cellular age. NIR irradiation produced the strongest enhancement of myogenic fusion, particularly in aged cells. PBM also increased EV secretion and altered EV subpopulation profiles. Notably, aged cells exhibited marked enrichment of CD9+, CD63+, CD81+, and triple-positive (CD63+CD81+CD9+) EV populations following irradiation, indicating an age-dependent modulation of extracellular communication. These findings demonstrate that PBM regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, extracellular vesicle secretion, and myogenic function in a wavelength-, fluence-, and age-dependent manner. A fluence of 5 J/cm2 emerged as the optimal therapeutic dose under the experimental conditions employed. Collectively, this work provides new insight into the mechanisms underlying PBM-mediated skeletal muscle adaptation and supports the development of age-tailored PBM strategies for muscle regeneration and age-related muscle dysfunction.系所名稱：國際醫學研究博士學位學程thesis